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Traditional methods of characterizing the size, morphology and reactivity of nanomaterials often only provide static “snapshots” and require an iterative series of measurements for each condition. With Protochips’ machine-vision powered suite of in-situ TEM tools you can utilize the electron microscope as a real-time laboratory to directly observe nucleation and growth, particle-particle interactions and more.

Fusion-Fundamental

Fusion AX: Study high temperature heating, electrical and electrothermal in vacuum

Visualize the nanoscale processes that control material performance. Observe growth kinetics, degradation mechanisms, grain boundary migrations and more without compromising resolution.

Click here to learn more about our in situ heating and biasing
Fundamental-Atmosphere (2)

Atmosphere AX: Gas and vapor high temperature environment

Explore synthesis mechanisms, surface reactions and the morphological evolutions that affect your materials’ behavior under relevant temperatures, pressures, and gas conditions without sacrificing resolution.

Click here to learn more about our gas cell solution
Fundamental-Poseidon

Poseidon AX: Liquid, electrochemical and liquid heating in situ studies

Follow synthesis mechanisms, observe particle interaction, and elucidate how morphological evolution affect your materials performance in relevant solvents and solutions.

Click here to learn more about our liquid cell solution

Featured Papers

What have our users done in the field? Read our summaries here!

Videos

Watch dynamic behavior of real samples in situ.

An Fe nanoparticle etching few-layer graphene (FLG) at 900 degrees C and 600 Torr of H2. The Fe nanoparticle preferentially etches the graphene along specific crystallographic directions.

Credit: SI-IPCMS-CNRS/University of Strasbourg, France: G. Melinte, S. Moldovan and O. Ersen

Atmosphere™ Gas Environmental Cell: Fe Nanoparticle Etching Few Layer Graphene

An Fe nanoparticle etching few-layer graphene (FLG) at 900 degrees C and 600 Torr of H2. The Fe nanoparticle preferentially etches the graphene along specific crystallographic directions.

Credit: SI-IPCMS-CNRS/University of Strasbourg, France: G. Melinte, S. Moldovan and O. Ersen

This real-time video shows two gold nanoparticles that are on the surface of larger iron oxide particles at 900° C. At this temperature the gold is very mobile, and the two particles coalesce into one larger nanoparticle. This demonstrates the stability of the Protochips Fusion system at high temperatures. This video was taken on a JEOL ARM200F (200 kV, Cs aberration correction) at JEOL in Akishima, Japan. For more information on Fusion, visit www.protochips.com/fusion

Fusion™ In Situ Heating and Electrical Holder: Au Nanoparticles on FeOx

This real-time video shows two gold nanoparticles that are on the surface of larger iron oxide particles at 900° C. At this temperature the gold is very mobile, and the two particles coalesce into one larger nanoparticle. This demonstrates the stability of the Protochips Fusion system at high temperatures. This video was taken on a JEOL ARM200F (200 kV, Cs aberration correction) at JEOL in Akishima, Japan. For more information on Fusion, visit www.protochips.com/fusion

This is an introduction to the basic performance of the Atmosphere system for conducting in situ environmental TEM studies,

Atmosphere Introduction

This is an introduction to the basic performance of the Atmosphere system for conducting in situ environmental TEM studies,

The Poseidon platform enables observation of dynamic processes in situ. This movie shows the formation of salt crystals from a saturated solution of phosphate buffered saline. Images were acquired at a rate of 1 frame per second and are shown at 5 times real speed. 500 nm liquid thickness. Images collected using a Philips/FEI CM300FEG TEM at 300 kV. Courtesy of Dr. Kate Klein, National Institute of Standards and Technology. For more information on Poseidon, visit http://bit.ly/protochipsposeidon.

Poseidon Select Liquid™ In Situ Cell: Salt Crystallization 5fps

The Poseidon platform enables observation of dynamic processes in situ. This movie shows the formation of salt crystals from a saturated solution of phosphate buffered saline. Images were acquired at a rate of 1 frame per second and are shown at 5 times real speed. 500 nm liquid thickness. Images collected using a Philips/FEI CM300FEG TEM at 300 kV. Courtesy of Dr. Kate Klein, National Institute of Standards and Technology. For more information on Poseidon, visit http://bit.ly/protochipsposeidon.

This workflow explains the procedure for preparing FIB samples onto a MEMS-based E-chip for in situ TEM. FIB sample preparation can be used to prepare a wide variety of materials for TEM or in situ TEM analysis and is a relatively simple technique to learn. For more information, tips and tricks, and sample preparation guides, visit our library of content at www.protochips.com

How to prepare FIB samples for in situ TEM

This workflow explains the procedure for preparing FIB samples onto a MEMS-based E-chip for in situ TEM. FIB sample preparation can be used to prepare a wide variety of materials for TEM or in situ TEM analysis and is a relatively simple technique to learn. For more information, tips and tricks, and sample preparation guides, visit our library of content at www.protochips.com

Learn about Protochips' groundbreaking liquid cell for in situ TEM and STEM.

Introduction to Poseidon Select In Situ TEM Liquid Cell

Learn about Protochips' groundbreaking liquid cell for in situ TEM and STEM.

Video courtesy Dr. Saso Sturm of the Jozef Stefan Institute. Acquired using the Poseidon Select liquid cell holder with liquid heating capability. More info at www.protochips.com

In Situ Liquid Heating: Inducing Nanoparticle Nucleation

Video courtesy Dr. Saso Sturm of the Jozef Stefan Institute. Acquired using the Poseidon Select liquid cell holder with liquid heating capability. More info at www.protochips.com

Experiment: Beam-Induced gold deposition from a solution of 1 mM HAuCl4 onto AuPt Nanoparticles. Heating ramp from 25 – 45 C.

AXON: In Situ Liquid Heating TEM Results

Experiment: Beam-Induced gold deposition from a solution of 1 mM HAuCl4 onto AuPt Nanoparticles. Heating ramp from 25 – 45 C.

Observe the formation of the N12P5 phase from a Ag/NiXPY core-shell nanoparticle. AXON locks the sample at a magnification of 3.5Mx throughout the temperature ramp. See the dynamic transformation to Ni12P5 occur at atomic resolution to determine the precise reaction temperature!

Learn more at http://www.protochips.com/axon

In situ imaging, HAADF-STEM detector, Magnification 3.5Mx, Fusion Select heating holder

Observe Ni12P5 phase changes at atomic resolution with AXON

Observe the formation of the N12P5 phase from a Ag/NiXPY core-shell nanoparticle. AXON locks the sample at a magnification of 3.5Mx throughout the temperature ramp. See the dynamic transformation to Ni12P5 occur at atomic resolution to determine the precise reaction temperature!

Learn more at http://www.protochips.com/axon

In situ imaging, HAADF-STEM detector, Magnification 3.5Mx, Fusion Select heating holder

Nanoparticle Transformation using Fusion AX on Graphene

A live STEM image stack of Au nanoclusters taken using AXON while ramping through a 100°C temperature range. AXON removes all image instabilities *live* so you can observe even single gold atoms moving on the support while ramping the temperature. Perfect for observing dynamic reactions at the highest resolutions!

Learn more at http://www.protochips.com/axon

in situ imaging, HAADF-STEM detector, Magnification 2.5Mx, Fusion Select heating holder

Observe Au atoms moving with AXON (8nm Scale)

A live STEM image stack of Au nanoclusters taken using AXON while ramping through a 100°C temperature range. AXON removes all image instabilities *live* so you can observe even single gold atoms moving on the support while ramping the temperature. Perfect for observing dynamic reactions at the highest resolutions!

Learn more at http://www.protochips.com/axon

in situ imaging, HAADF-STEM detector, Magnification 2.5Mx, Fusion Select heating holder

A live STEM image stack of Au nanoclusters taken using AXON while ramping through a 100°C temperature range. AXON removes all image instabilities *live* so you can observe even single gold atoms moving on the support while ramping the temperature. Perfect for observing dynamic reactions at the highest resolutions!

Learn more at http://www.protochips.com/axon

in situ imaging, HAADF-STEM detector, Magnification 2.5Mx, Fusion Select heating holder

Observe Au atoms moving with AXON (4nm Scale)

A live STEM image stack of Au nanoclusters taken using AXON while ramping through a 100°C temperature range. AXON removes all image instabilities *live* so you can observe even single gold atoms moving on the support while ramping the temperature. Perfect for observing dynamic reactions at the highest resolutions!

Learn more at http://www.protochips.com/axon

in situ imaging, HAADF-STEM detector, Magnification 2.5Mx, Fusion Select heating holder

#FindYourBreakthrough | FLASH TALKS: EP #5

High Temperature Dynamics of Nanocrystalline Graphene – A Time Resolved HRTEM Study

Presented by: Dr. C.N. Shyam Kumar while at the Institute of Nanotechnology at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

Find the full publication here: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2017/nr/c7nr03276e?casa_token=Kd76o5Cy5poAAAAA:Sxeq8iS-FU6guregHJ-QcXM8umNESoRBrpRv5E4KXgMIeXDf-UOcRHyQ3y7hQcQqmol6Q2QEM_e_

FLASH TALKS: EP #5 High Temperature Dynamics of Nanocrystalline Graphene

#FindYourBreakthrough | FLASH TALKS: EP #5

High Temperature Dynamics of Nanocrystalline Graphene – A Time Resolved HRTEM Study

Presented by: Dr. C.N. Shyam Kumar while at the Institute of Nanotechnology at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

Find the full publication here: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2017/nr/c7nr03276e?casa_token=Kd76o5Cy5poAAAAA:Sxeq8iS-FU6guregHJ-QcXM8umNESoRBrpRv5E4KXgMIeXDf-UOcRHyQ3y7hQcQqmol6Q2QEM_e_

#FindYourBreakthrough | FLASH TALKS: EP #7

Catalyst Particle Growth at the Nanoscale
In Situ TEM of TiO2 Supported Gold Nanoparticle Growth

Presented by: Dr. Mark J. Meijerink from Utrecht University. Read the full publication here:
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b10237

FLASH TALKS: EP #7 Catalyst Particle Growth at the Nanoscale In Situ TEM of TiO2 Supported Gold

#FindYourBreakthrough | FLASH TALKS: EP #7

Catalyst Particle Growth at the Nanoscale
In Situ TEM of TiO2 Supported Gold Nanoparticle Growth

Presented by: Dr. Mark J. Meijerink from Utrecht University. Read the full publication here:
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b10237

In this Flash Talk episode 9 Joanna Korpanty from Northwestern University, Department of Chemistry will tell you something about her recent publication on solvated polymeric nanomaterials in liquid cell electron microscopy. A worm-to-micelle transformation was triggered via organic solvent mixing during the measurements, showing dynamics not possible with cryo-electron microscopy. This work shows great potential in future liquid cell experiments in other solvents then water.

Full publication:
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S266638642200039X

FLASH TALKS: EP #9 Studying organic solvated polymeric nanomaterials with LCTEM

In this Flash Talk episode 9 Joanna Korpanty from Northwestern University, Department of Chemistry will tell you something about her recent publication on solvated polymeric nanomaterials in liquid cell electron microscopy. A worm-to-micelle transformation was triggered via organic solvent mixing during the measurements, showing dynamics not possible with cryo-electron microscopy. This work shows great potential in future liquid cell experiments in other solvents then water.

Full publication:
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S266638642200039X

In this Flash Talk ep. 14, Dr. Diana Piankova from the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces is presenting her work on "Following carbon condensation by in situ TEM: Towards a rational understanding of the processes in the synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbonaceous materials."

Read the full publication here:
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2022/ta/d2ta05247d

0:58 Introduction
3:10 Ex-situ study
7:28 In-situ study
10:39 New materials design

FLASH TALKS: EP #14 Following carbon condensation by in situ TEM

In this Flash Talk ep. 14, Dr. Diana Piankova from the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces is presenting her work on "Following carbon condensation by in situ TEM: Towards a rational understanding of the processes in the synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbonaceous materials."

Read the full publication here:
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2022/ta/d2ta05247d

0:58 Introduction
3:10 Ex-situ study
7:28 In-situ study
10:39 New materials design

#FindYourBreakthrough | FLASH TALKS: EP #16

In situ TEM as toolbox for the emerging science of nanometallurgy

In this flash talk, a methodology for the use of metallic nanomaterials as reactants are used to examine nanoalloying in situ within a transmission electron microscope!

Presented by: Diego Santa Rosa Coradini from Montanuniversität Leoben, group of Nonferrous Metallurgy. Read the full publication here:
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/LC/D3LC00228D

Products featured: Protochips FusionAX

FLASH TALKS: EP #16 In situ TEM as toolbox for the emerging science of nanometallurgy

#FindYourBreakthrough | FLASH TALKS: EP #16

In situ TEM as toolbox for the emerging science of nanometallurgy

In this flash talk, a methodology for the use of metallic nanomaterials as reactants are used to examine nanoalloying in situ within a transmission electron microscope!

Presented by: Diego Santa Rosa Coradini from Montanuniversität Leoben, group of Nonferrous Metallurgy. Read the full publication here:
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/LC/D3LC00228D

Products featured: Protochips FusionAX

Atmosphere™ Gas Environmental Cell: Fe Nanoparticle Etching Few Layer Graphene

An Fe nanoparticle etching few-layer graphene (FLG) at 900 degrees C and 600 Torr of H2. The Fe nanoparticle preferentially etches the graphene along specific crystallographic directions.

Credit: SI-IPCMS-CNRS/University of Strasbourg, France: G. Melinte, S. Moldovan and O. Ersen

Fusion™ In Situ Heating and Electrical Holder: Au Nanoparticles on FeOx

This real-time video shows two gold nanoparticles that are on the surface of larger iron oxide particles at 900° C. At this temperature the gold is very mobile, and the two particles coalesce into one larger nanoparticle. This demonstrates the stability of the Protochips Fusion system at high temperatures. This video was taken on a JEOL ARM200F (200 kV, Cs aberration correction) at JEOL in Akishima, Japan. For more information on Fusion, visit www.protochips.com/fusion

Atmosphere Introduction

This is an introduction to the basic performance of the Atmosphere system for conducting in situ environmental TEM studies,

Poseidon Select Liquid™ In Situ Cell: Salt Crystallization 5fps

The Poseidon platform enables observation of dynamic processes in situ. This movie shows the formation of salt crystals from a saturated solution of phosphate buffered saline. Images were acquired at a rate of 1 frame per second and are shown at 5 times real speed. 500 nm liquid thickness. Images collected using a Philips/FEI CM300FEG TEM at 300 kV. Courtesy of Dr. Kate Klein, National Institute of Standards and Technology. For more information on Poseidon, visit http://bit.ly/protochipsposeidon.

How to prepare FIB samples for in situ TEM

This workflow explains the procedure for preparing FIB samples onto a MEMS-based E-chip for in situ TEM. FIB sample preparation can be used to prepare a wide variety of materials for TEM or in situ TEM analysis and is a relatively simple technique to learn. For more information, tips and tricks, and sample preparation guides, visit our library of content at www.protochips.com

Introduction to Poseidon Select In Situ TEM Liquid Cell

Learn about Protochips' groundbreaking liquid cell for in situ TEM and STEM.

In Situ Liquid Heating: Inducing Nanoparticle Nucleation

Video courtesy Dr. Saso Sturm of the Jozef Stefan Institute. Acquired using the Poseidon Select liquid cell holder with liquid heating capability. More info at www.protochips.com

AXON: In Situ Liquid Heating TEM Results

Experiment: Beam-Induced gold deposition from a solution of 1 mM HAuCl4 onto AuPt Nanoparticles. Heating ramp from 25 – 45 C.

Observe Ni12P5 phase changes at atomic resolution with AXON

Observe the formation of the N12P5 phase from a Ag/NiXPY core-shell nanoparticle. AXON locks the sample at a magnification of 3.5Mx throughout the temperature ramp. See the dynamic transformation to Ni12P5 occur at atomic resolution to determine the precise reaction temperature!

Learn more at http://www.protochips.com/axon

In situ imaging, HAADF-STEM detector, Magnification 3.5Mx, Fusion Select heating holder

Nanoparticle Transformation using Fusion AX on Graphene

Observe Au atoms moving with AXON (8nm Scale)

A live STEM image stack of Au nanoclusters taken using AXON while ramping through a 100°C temperature range. AXON removes all image instabilities *live* so you can observe even single gold atoms moving on the support while ramping the temperature. Perfect for observing dynamic reactions at the highest resolutions!

Learn more at http://www.protochips.com/axon

in situ imaging, HAADF-STEM detector, Magnification 2.5Mx, Fusion Select heating holder

Observe Au atoms moving with AXON (4nm Scale)

A live STEM image stack of Au nanoclusters taken using AXON while ramping through a 100°C temperature range. AXON removes all image instabilities *live* so you can observe even single gold atoms moving on the support while ramping the temperature. Perfect for observing dynamic reactions at the highest resolutions!

Learn more at http://www.protochips.com/axon

in situ imaging, HAADF-STEM detector, Magnification 2.5Mx, Fusion Select heating holder

FLASH TALKS: EP #5 High Temperature Dynamics of Nanocrystalline Graphene

#FindYourBreakthrough | FLASH TALKS: EP #5

High Temperature Dynamics of Nanocrystalline Graphene – A Time Resolved HRTEM Study

Presented by: Dr. C.N. Shyam Kumar while at the Institute of Nanotechnology at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

Find the full publication here: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2017/nr/c7nr03276e?casa_token=Kd76o5Cy5poAAAAA:Sxeq8iS-FU6guregHJ-QcXM8umNESoRBrpRv5E4KXgMIeXDf-UOcRHyQ3y7hQcQqmol6Q2QEM_e_

FLASH TALKS: EP #7 Catalyst Particle Growth at the Nanoscale In Situ TEM of TiO2 Supported Gold

#FindYourBreakthrough | FLASH TALKS: EP #7

Catalyst Particle Growth at the Nanoscale
In Situ TEM of TiO2 Supported Gold Nanoparticle Growth

Presented by: Dr. Mark J. Meijerink from Utrecht University. Read the full publication here:
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b10237

FLASH TALKS: EP #9 Studying organic solvated polymeric nanomaterials with LCTEM

In this Flash Talk episode 9 Joanna Korpanty from Northwestern University, Department of Chemistry will tell you something about her recent publication on solvated polymeric nanomaterials in liquid cell electron microscopy. A worm-to-micelle transformation was triggered via organic solvent mixing during the measurements, showing dynamics not possible with cryo-electron microscopy. This work shows great potential in future liquid cell experiments in other solvents then water.

Full publication:
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S266638642200039X

FLASH TALKS: EP #14 Following carbon condensation by in situ TEM

In this Flash Talk ep. 14, Dr. Diana Piankova from the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces is presenting her work on "Following carbon condensation by in situ TEM: Towards a rational understanding of the processes in the synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbonaceous materials."

Read the full publication here:
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2022/ta/d2ta05247d

0:58 Introduction
3:10 Ex-situ study
7:28 In-situ study
10:39 New materials design

FLASH TALKS: EP #16 In situ TEM as toolbox for the emerging science of nanometallurgy

#FindYourBreakthrough | FLASH TALKS: EP #16

In situ TEM as toolbox for the emerging science of nanometallurgy

In this flash talk, a methodology for the use of metallic nanomaterials as reactants are used to examine nanoalloying in situ within a transmission electron microscope!

Presented by: Diego Santa Rosa Coradini from Montanuniversität Leoben, group of Nonferrous Metallurgy. Read the full publication here:
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/LC/D3LC00228D

Products featured: Protochips FusionAX

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