AXON Dose
Dose Management
The Dose module ensures unparalleled reproducibility by automating the quantitative measurement and tracking of electron dose.
AXON DOSE: PRECISION DOSE MANAGEMENT FOR RELIABLE RESULTS
The electron beam can profoundly influence sample behavior, sometimes producing desired effects and sometimes introducing unwanted changes. Accurately understanding dose exposure across the sample at every stage of the experiment is essential for ensuring reliable results and reproducibility. AXON Dose is the first and only software of its kind that fully automates the calculation and recording of electron dose throughout the entire TEM workflow. By automating a traditionally labor-intensive and error-prone process, it establishes a new standard of reproducibility from one experiment to the next, and across multiple labs.
INCREASE REPRODUCIBILITY
A unique external Faraday cup and power supply deliver reproducible, quantifiable measurements, ensuring consistent results across any TEM
SHARE EASIER
All dose measurements are automatically aligned and indexed into the metadata, ensuring they’re readily accessible to anyone reviewing the data in AXON Studio
INTERPRET FASTER
Intuitive visualization tools aid in understanding dose effects on sample behavior
EXAMPLES USING THE AXON DOSE MODULE
VISUALIZE DOSE
Colorful dose overlays introduce an entirely new way to visualize dose exposure. Electron dose is measured on a pixel-by-pixel basis and tracked throughout the entire experiment for both TEM and STEM modes, ensuring a detailed, continuous record. Colorized maps highlight actual exposure levels and indicate when approaching critical thresholds.
In this video: The colorized dose overlay dynamically updates while going through the timeline, reflecting the increase in cumulative dose exposure over time. The colors shift toward red or pink as user-defined thresholds are approached, providing a clear visual warning.
IDENTIFY DOSE LIMITS
Tools like spot fading quickly pinpoint when and where the electron beam first contacts your sample, helping you understand the beam’s influence based on dose rate or cumulative dose. Once dose thresholds are identified, the software allows you to set warning indicators. Colorful dose overlays then provide clear alerts for approaching dose levels.
In this video: The live FFT is used to detect beam damage in a ZSM-5 zeolite sample from Zeolyst, which becomes amorphous when exposed to prolonged e-beam. Once the dose level where the ZSM-5 particle turns completely amorphous is identified, the dose threshold can be set accordingly. The colored maps will then adjust to help monitor and manage dose limits in future experiments.
A BIRDS-EYE VIEW
The dose navigation pane shows a low-magnification view of the stage and the same colorized dose maps show where the beam has been previously. Move to pristine areas with a simple double-click in the navigation pane to quickly begin a new experiment
In this video: the dose navigation pane (right) indicates the location of the most recent experiment with the same dose map overlay as shown on the image (left). A double click in the navigation pane moves the field of view to a pristine area while the previous location is still identifiable.
AXON Dose is an Additional Module for Our AX in situ Solution bundles
AXON MACHINE-VISION PLATFORM LIBRARY
Published research using the AXON software solution. Use the button on the right to filter the publications.
JOURNAL ARTICLES
| Title | URL | Citation |
|---|---|---|
| Real-time observation of atomic scale rearrangement for homogenizing ruthenium single atoms on N-doped carbon for CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid | https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0021951725005743 | Lee, Kyung Rok; Jaleel, Ahsan; Park, Kwangho; Ahn, Sunghee; Haider, Arsalan; Lee, Ung; Jung, Kwang-Deog , Real-time observation of atomic scale rearrangement for homogenizing ruthenium single atoms on N-doped carbon for CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid, 2026, Journal of Catalysis, 10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116508 |
| Operando Heating and Cooling Electrochemical 4D-STEM Probing Nanoscale Dynamics at Solid–Liquid Interfaces | https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c05005 | Kim, Sungin; Briega-Martos, Valentin; Liu, Shikai; Je, Kwanghwi; Shi, Chuqiao; Stephens, Katherine Marusak; Zeltmann, Steven E.; Zhang, Zhijing; Guzman-Soriano, Rafael; Li, Wenqi; Jiang, Jiahong; Choi, Juhyung; Negash, Yafet J.; Walden, Franklin S. II; Marthe, Nelson L. Jr.; Wellborn, Patrick S.; Guo, Yaofeng; Damiano, John; Han, Yimo; Thiede, Erik H.; Yang, Yao , Operando Heating and Cooling Electrochemical 4D-STEM Probing Nanoscale Dynamics at Solid–Liquid Interfaces, 2025, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 10.1021/jacs.5c05005 |
| Radiation Chemistry in Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.4c18504 | Koo, Kunmo; Chellam, Nikhil S; Shim, Sangyoon; Mirkin, Chad A; Schatz, George C; Hu, Xiaobing; Dravid, Vinayak P , Radiation Chemistry in Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy, 2025, ACS Nano, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c18504 |
| Ultrafine metal nanoparticles isolated on oxide nano-islands as exceptional sintering-resistant catalysts | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-025-02134-9 | Zhou, Tao; Li, Xu; Zhao, Jiankang; Luo, Lei; Wang, Yanru; Xiao, Zizhen; Hu, Sunpei; Wang, Ruyang; Zhao, Zekun; Liu, Chengyuan; Wu, Wenlong; Li, Hongliang; Zhang, Zhirong; Zhao, Long; Yan, Han; Zeng, Jie , Ultrafine metal nanoparticles isolated on oxide nano-islands as exceptional sintering-resistant catalysts, 2025, Nature Materials, 10.1038/s41563-025-02134-9 |
| Self-Heating Conductive Ceramic Composites for High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03270 | Yang, Lin; Peng, Peng; Weger, Nathaniel; Mills, Sean; Messeri, Clément; Menon, Akanksha K.; Zeltmann, Steven; Babbe, Finn; Zheng, Qiye; Dun, Chaochao; Zhang, Chuan; Urban, Jeffrey J.; Minor, Andrew M.; Prasher, Ravi; Breunig, Hanna; Lubner, Sean , Self-Heating Conductive Ceramic Composites for High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage, 2025, ACS Energy Letters, 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03270 |
| Coexisting phases of individual VO2 nanoparticles for multilevel nanoscale memory | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.4c13188 | Kepi?, Peter; Horák, Michal; Kabát, Ji?í; K?ápek, Vlastimil; Kone?ná, Andrea; Šikola, Tomáš; Ligmajer, Filip , Coexisting phases of individual VO2 nanoparticles for multilevel nanoscale memory, 2025, ACS Nano, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c13188 |
| In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy of Electrocatalyst Materials: Proposed Workflows, Technical Advances, Challenges, and Lessons Learned | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smtd.202400851 | Abdellah, Ahmed M.; Salem, Kholoud E.; DiCecco, Liza?Anastasia; Ismail, Fatma; Rakhsha, Amirhossein; Grandfield, Kathryn; Higgins, Drew , In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy of Electrocatalyst Materials: Proposed Workflows, Technical Advances, Challenges, and Lessons Learned, 2025, Small Methods, 10.1002/smtd.202400851 |
| In Situ Formation of Ripplocations in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic MXenes | https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202411669 | Lagunas, Francisco; Zhou, Chenkun; Wang, Di; Thakur, Anupma; Anasori, Babak; Talapin, Dmitri V.; Hood, Zachary D.; Klie, Robert F. , In Situ Formation of Ripplocations in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic MXenes, 2025, Advanced Materials, 10.1002/adma.202411669 |
| Operando Analysis of Dynamic Structural Changes on Rh Nanoparticle Surfaces During Catalytic Reduction of No Using an Environmental High-Voltage Electron Microscope–Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1748013225000799 | Tang, Longshu; Tanaka, Hiromochi; Arai, Shigeo; Higuchi, Tetsuo; Muto, Shunsuke , Operando Analysis of Dynamic Structural Changes on Rh Nanoparticle Surfaces During Catalytic Reduction of No Using an Environmental High-Voltage Electron Microscope–Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer, 2025, Nano Today, 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102707 |
| Atomic-Scale Tracking of Beam-Induced Phase Transitions in MgCr 1.5 Mn 0.5 O 4 | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c02880 | Zangeneh, Danial; Sapkota, Bibash; Uppuluri, Ritesh; Klie, Robert F. , Atomic-Scale Tracking of Beam-Induced Phase Transitions in MgCr 1.5 Mn 0.5 O 4 , 2025, Chemistry of Materials, 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c02880 |
| Traversing the Periodic Table through Phase?Separating Nanoreactors | https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202500088 | Wahl, Carolin B.; Swisher, Jordan H.; Smith, Peter T.; Dravid, Vinayak P.; Mirkin, Chad A. , Traversing the Periodic Table through Phase?Separating Nanoreactors, 2025, Advanced Materials, 10.1002/adma.202500088 |
| Triton AX: Liquid Heating and Cooling Electrochemical Cell for ?In Situ? (S)TEM | https://doi.org/10.1093/mictod/qaaf028 | Stephens, Katherine M; King, Zayna T; Wellborn, Patrick S; Dukes, Madeline D; Walden, Franklin S; Marthe, Nelson L; Barnes, Jake; McConnell, Jennifer; Damiano, John , Triton AX: Liquid Heating and Cooling Electrochemical Cell for ?In Situ? (S)TEM, 2025, Microscopy Today, https://doi.org/10.1093/mictod/qaaf028 |
| Biomineralization of semiconductor quantum dots using DNA-functionalized protein nanoreactors | https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adv6906 | Han, Zhenyu; Guo, Allen X; Luo, Taokun; Cai, Tong; Mirkin, Chad A , Biomineralization of semiconductor quantum dots using DNA-functionalized protein nanoreactors, 2025, Science Advances, 10.1126/sciadv.adv6906 |
| In Situ 4D STEM of LiNiO 2 Particles Heated in an Oxygen Atmosphere: Toward Investigation of Solid?State Batteries Under Realistic Processing Conditions | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smtd.202500357 | Demuth, Thomas; Ahmed, Shamail; Kurzhals, Philipp; Haust, Johannes; Belz, Jürgen; Beyer, Andreas; Janek, Jürgen; Volz, Kerstin , In Situ 4D STEM of LiNiO 2 Particles Heated in an Oxygen Atmosphere: Toward Investigation of Solid?State Batteries Under Realistic Processing Conditions, 2025, Small Methods, 10.1002/smtd.202500357 |
| Disorder-driven Sintering-free Garnet-type Solid Electrolytes | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-58108-7#Sec13 | Kwon, Giyun; Gwon, Hyeokjo; Bae, Youngjoon; Jung, Changhoon; Ko, Dong-Su; Kim, Min; Yoon, Kyungho; Yoon, Gabin; Kim, Sewon; Jung, In-Sun; Lee, Sangjun; Kim, Tahee; Kim, Ju-Sik; Kim, Tae Young , Disorder-driven Sintering-free Garnet-type Solid Electrolytes, 2025, Nature Communications, 10.1038/s41467-025-58108-7 |
| Toposelective Functionalization of Solution?Processed Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Metal Nanoparticles via Defect Engineering | https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202506605 | Ippolito, Stefano; Montes?García, Verónica; Kelly, Adam G.; Consolaro, Valentina Girelli; Baaziz, Walid; Cordero?Ferradás, María José; Dianat, Arezoo; Pérez?Juste, Jorge; Pastoriza?Santos, Isabel; Ersen, Ovidiu; Cuniberti, Gianaurelio; Coleman, Jonathan N.; Samorì, Paolo , Toposelective Functionalization of Solution?Processed Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Metal Nanoparticles via Defect Engineering, 2025, Advanced Materials, 10.1002/adma.202506605 |
| Controlling Fatigue Cracks in the Transmission Electron Microscope | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smtd.202500832 | Baker, Andrew; Dorman, Kyle R.; Hattar, Khalid; House, Stephen D.; Boyce, Brad L. , Controlling Fatigue Cracks in the Transmission Electron Microscope, 2025, Small Methods, 10.1002/smtd.202500832 |
| In Situ Study of Resistive Switching in a Nitride?Based Memristive Device | https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202517173 | Zhang, Di; Dhall, Rohan; Schneider, Matthew M.; Li, Cun; Song, Chengyu; Kunwar, Sundar; Dou, Hongyi; Yazzie, Natanii R.; Tran, Henry; Appuing, Daniel; Ciston, Jim; Cucciniello, Nicholas G.; Roy, Pinku; Pettes, Michael T.; Watt, John; Kuo, Winson; Wang, Haiyan; Cao, Ye; McCabe, Rodney J.; Chen, Aiping , In Situ Study of Resistive Switching in a Nitride?Based Memristive Device, 2025, Advanced Functional Materials, 10.1002/adfm.202517173 |
| Investigating Palladium Nanoparticle Morphogenesis on Zeolite for Passive NO x Adsorption via In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis under Hydrothermal Conditions | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsanm.4c00429 | Pulinthanathu Sree, Sreeprasanth; Smet, Sam; Bellani, Claudio; Geerts-Claes, Hannelore; Straubinger, Rainer; Seo, Jin Won; Martens, Johan , Investigating Palladium Nanoparticle Morphogenesis on Zeolite for Passive NO x Adsorption via In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis under Hydrothermal Conditions, 2024, ACS Applied Nano Materials, 10.1021/acsanm.4c00429 |
| Key role of paracrystalline motifs on iridium oxide surfaces for acidic water oxidation | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41929-024-01187-4 | Lu, Bingzhang; Wahl, Carolin; Dos Reis, Roberto; Edgington, Jane; Lu, Xiao Kun; Li, Ruihan; Sweers, Matthew E.; Ruggiero, Brianna; Gunasooriya, G. T. Kasun Kalhara; Dravid, Vinayak; Seitz, Linsey C. , Key role of paracrystalline motifs on iridium oxide surfaces for acidic water oxidation, 2024, Nature Catalysis, 10.1038/s41929-024-01187-4 |
| Ingenious Architecture and Coloration Generation in Enamel of Rodent Teeth | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.4c00578 | Srot, Vesna; Houari, Sophia; Kapun, Gregor; Bussmann, Birgit; Predel, Felicitas; Pokorny, Boštjan; Bužan, Elena; Salzberger, Ute; Fenk, Bernhard; Kelsch, Marion; Van Aken, Peter A. , Ingenious Architecture and Coloration Generation in Enamel of Rodent Teeth, 2024, ACS Nano, 10.1021/acsnano.4c00578 |
| A new paradigm in electron microscopy: Automated microstructure analysis utilizing a dynamic segmentation convolutional neutral network | https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2590049824000055 | Taller, Stephen; Scime, Luke; Austin, Ty , A new paradigm in electron microscopy: Automated microstructure analysis utilizing a dynamic segmentation convolutional neutral network, 2024, Materials Today Advances, 10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100468 |
| Liquid phase electron microscopy of bacterial ultrastructure | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202402871 | Caffrey, Brian J.; Pedrazo-Tardajos, Adrián; Liberti, Emanuela; Gaunt, Ben; Kim, Judy S.; Kirkland, Angus I. , Liquid phase electron microscopy of bacterial ultrastructure, 2024, Small, 10.1002/smll.202402871 |
| Formation mechanism of high-index faceted Pt-Bi alloy nanoparticles by evaporation-induced growth from metal salts | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-39458-6 | Koo, Kunmo; Shen, Bo; Baik, Sung-Il; Mao, Zugang; Smeets, Paul J. M.; Cheuk, Ivan; He, Kun; Dos Reis, Roberto; Huang, Liliang; Ye, Zihao; Hu, Xiaobing; Mirkin, Chad A.; Dravid, Vinayak P. , Formation mechanism of high-index faceted Pt-Bi alloy nanoparticles by evaporation-induced growth from metal salts, 2023, Nature Communications, 10.1038/s41467-023-39458-6 |
| Environment-Dependent Structural Evolution and Electrocatalytic Performance in N 2 Reduction of Mo-Based ZIF-8 | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsanm.3c01669 | Hsiao, Kai-Yuan; Tseng, Yu-Han; Chiang, Chao-Lung; Chen, Yan-De; Lin, Yan-Gu; Lu, Ming-Yen , Environment-Dependent Structural Evolution and Electrocatalytic Performance in N 2 Reduction of Mo-Based ZIF-8, 2023, ACS Applied Nano Materials, 10.1021/acsanm.3c01669 |
| Automated Grain Boundary Detection for Bright-Field Transmission Electron Microscopy Images via U-Net | https://academic.oup.com/mam/advance-article/doi/10.1093/micmic/ozad115/7422794 | Patrick, Matthew J; Eckstein, James K; Lopez, Javier R; Toderas, Silvia; Asher, Sarah A; Whang, Sylvia I; Levine, Stacey; Rickman, Jeffrey M; Barmak, Katayun , Automated Grain Boundary Detection for Bright-Field Transmission Electron Microscopy Images via U-Net, 2023, Microscopy and Microanalysis, https://doi.org/10.1093/micmic/ozad115 |
| Challenges of Electron Correlation Microscopy on Amorphous Silicon and Amorphous Germanium | https://academic.oup.com/mam/article/29/5/1579/7252196 | Radi?, Dražen; Peterlechner, Martin; Spangenberg, Katharina; Posselt, Matthias; Bracht, Hartmut , Challenges of Electron Correlation Microscopy on Amorphous Silicon and Amorphous Germanium, 2023, Microscopy and Microanalysis, 10.1093/micmic/ozad090 |
| In situ TEM studies of relaxation dynamics and crystal nucleation in thin film nanoglasses | https://doi.org/10.1080/21663831.2023.2278597 | Voigt, Hendrik; Rigoni, Aaron; Boltynjuk, Evgeniy; Rösner, Harald; Hahn, Horst; Wilde, Gerhard , In situ TEM studies of relaxation dynamics and crystal nucleation in thin film nanoglasses, 2023, Materials Research Letters, 10.1080/21663831.2023.2278597 |
| Shedding Light on the Birth of Hybrid Perovskites: A Correlative Study by In Situ Electron Microscopy and Synchrotron-Based X-ray Scattering | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01167 | Sidhoum, Charles; Constantin, Doru; Ihiawakrim, Dris; Lenertz, Marc; Bizien, Thomas; Sanchez, Clément; Ersen, Ovidiu , Shedding Light on the Birth of Hybrid Perovskites: A Correlative Study by In Situ Electron Microscopy and Synchrotron-Based X-ray Scattering, 2023, Chemistry of Materials, 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01167 |
| A Machine-Vision Approach to Transmission Electron Microscopy Workflows, Results Analysis and Data Management | https://www.jove.com/t/65446/a-machine-vision-approach-to-transmission-electron-microscopy | Dukes, Madeline Dressel; Krans, Nynke Albertine; Marusak, Katherine; Walden, Stamp; Eldred, Tim; Franks, Alan; Larson, Ben; Guo, Yaofeng; Nackashi, David; Damiano, John , A Machine-Vision Approach to Transmission Electron Microscopy Workflows, Results Analysis and Data Management, 2023, Journal of Visualized Experiments, 10.3791/65446 |
| Confinement Effects on the Structure of Entropy?Induced Supercrystals | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202303380 | Goldmann, Claire; Chaâbani, Wajdi; Hotton, Claire; Impéror?Clerc, Marianne; Moncomble, Adrien; Constantin, Doru; Alloyeau, Damien; Hamon, Cyrille , Confinement Effects on the Structure of Entropy?Induced Supercrystals, 2023, Small, 10.1002/smll.202303380 |
| Correlating the dispersion of Li@Mn6 superstructure units with the oxygen activation in Li-rich layered cathode | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240582972100578X | Li, Yiwei; Xu, Shenyang; Zhao, Wenguang; Chen, Zhefeng; Chen, Zhaoxi; Li, Shunning; Hu, Jiangtao; Cao, Bo; Li, Jianyuan; Zheng, Shisheng; Chen, Ziwei; Zhang, Taolue; Zhang, Mingjian; Pan, Feng , Correlating the dispersion of Li@Mn6 superstructure units with the oxygen activation in Li-rich layered cathode, 2022, Energy Storage Materials, 10.1016/j.ensm.2021.12.003 |
| AXON Dose: A Solution for Measuring and Managing Electron Dose in the TEM | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1551929522000840/type/journal_article | Damiano, John; Walden, Stamp; Franks, Alan; Marusak, Kate; Larson, Ben; Coy, Mike; Nackashi, David , AXON Dose: A Solution for Measuring and Managing Electron Dose in the TEM, 2022, Microscopy Today, 10.1017/S1551929522000840 |
| Real-time, On-Microscope Automated Quantification of Features in Microcopy Experiments Using Machine Learning and Edge Computing | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1431927622007929/type/journal_article | Field, Kevin G.; Patki, Priyam; Sharaf, Nasir; Sun, Kai; Hawkins, Laura; Lynch, Matthew; Jacobs, Ryan; Morgan, Dane D.; He, Lingfeng; Field, Christopher R. , Real-time, On-Microscope Automated Quantification of Features in Microcopy Experiments Using Machine Learning and Edge Computing, 2022, Microscopy and Microanalysis, 10.1017/S1431927622007929 |
| Decoupled alpha and beta relaxation kinetics in a thermally cycled bulk Pd40Ni40P20 glass | https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925838822017777 | Stringe, Mark; Spangenberg, Katharina; da Silva Pinto, Manoel Wilker; Peterlechner, Martin; Wilde, Gerhard , Decoupled alpha and beta relaxation kinetics in a thermally cycled bulk Pd40Ni40P20 glass, 2022, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.165386 |
| Liquid-EM goes viral – visualizing structure and dynamics | https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959440X22001051 | Kelly, Deborah F.; DiCecco, Liza-Anastasia; Jonaid, G.M.; Dearnaley, William J.; Spilman, Michael S.; Gray, Jennifer L.; Dressel-Dukes, Madeline J. , Liquid-EM goes viral – visualizing structure and dynamics, 2022, Current Opinion in Structural Biology, 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102426 |
| Directly Probing the Local Coordination, Charge State, and Stability of Single Atom Catalysts by Advanced Electron Microscopy: A Review | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/smll.202006482 | Tieu, Peter; Yan, Xingxu; Xu, Mingjie; Christopher, Phillip; Pan, Xiaoqing , Directly Probing the Local Coordination, Charge State, and Stability of Single Atom Catalysts by Advanced Electron Microscopy: A Review, 2021, Small, 10.1002/smll.202006482 |
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