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The chemical reactions occurring at the surface of nanoscale catalysts can drastically alter the performance and reliability of those catalysts. With in situ microscopy, you can change environmental conditions of these reactions and directly observe the chemical, structural, and morphological changes underpinning the catalysis reaction with atom-by-atom precision.

Catalysis Synthesis

Atmosphere AX: Gas and vapor high temperature environment

Heat catalysts to reaction conditions while observing chemical and structural changes in situ.

Click here to learn more about our gas cell solution
Catalysis Synthesis Poseidon

Poseidon AX: Liquid, electrochemical and liquid heating in situ studies

Image nanoparticle catalyst reactions occuring at high temperature and pressures while maintaining atomic resolution.

Click here to learn more about our liquid cell solution
Catalysis Fusion

Fusion AX: High temperature heating, electrical and electrothermal in vacuum

Image real time electrocatalysis reactions, synthesis of catalyst particles as well as catalyst interactions in liquid

Click here to learn more about our in situ heating and biasing

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Application Notes

Videos

Watch dynamic behavior of real samples in situ.

An Fe nanoparticle etching few-layer graphene (FLG) at 900 degrees C and 600 Torr of H2. The Fe nanoparticle preferentially etches the graphene along specific crystallographic directions.

Credit: SI-IPCMS-CNRS/University of Strasbourg, France: G. Melinte, S. Moldovan and O. Ersen

Atmosphere™ Gas Environmental Cell: Fe Nanoparticle Etching Few Layer Graphene

An Fe nanoparticle etching few-layer graphene (FLG) at 900 degrees C and 600 Torr of H2. The Fe nanoparticle preferentially etches the graphene along specific crystallographic directions.

Credit: SI-IPCMS-CNRS/University of Strasbourg, France: G. Melinte, S. Moldovan and O. Ersen

This real-time video shows two gold nanoparticles that are on the surface of larger iron oxide particles at 900° C. At this temperature the gold is very mobile, and the two particles coalesce into one larger nanoparticle. This demonstrates the stability of the Protochips Fusion system at high temperatures. This video was taken on a JEOL ARM200F (200 kV, Cs aberration correction) at JEOL in Akishima, Japan. For more information on Fusion, visit www.protochips.com/fusion

Fusion™ In Situ Heating and Electrical Holder: Au Nanoparticles on FeOx

This real-time video shows two gold nanoparticles that are on the surface of larger iron oxide particles at 900° C. At this temperature the gold is very mobile, and the two particles coalesce into one larger nanoparticle. This demonstrates the stability of the Protochips Fusion system at high temperatures. This video was taken on a JEOL ARM200F (200 kV, Cs aberration correction) at JEOL in Akishima, Japan. For more information on Fusion, visit www.protochips.com/fusion

Electrochemical aging confirms migration and coalescence within a fuel cell. Migration and coalescence are key mechanisms in the degradation of fuel cells. In this experiment a solution of Pt3C0/C and .1M HClO4 is prepared within the electrochemical cell of the Poseidon Select Electrochemistry. The cell was then inserted into the electron microscope for imaging. While imaging the cell, the sample was exposed to a cyclic pattern of electrical stimuli, from -.5V to 1V. Coalescence is observed to correspond to changes in the electrical stimuli of the experiment.

Fuel Cell Corrosion

Electrochemical aging confirms migration and coalescence within a fuel cell. Migration and coalescence are key mechanisms in the degradation of fuel cells. In this experiment a solution of Pt3C0/C and .1M HClO4 is prepared within the electrochemical cell of the Poseidon Select Electrochemistry. The cell was then inserted into the electron microscope for imaging. While imaging the cell, the sample was exposed to a cyclic pattern of electrical stimuli, from -.5V to 1V. Coalescence is observed to correspond to changes in the electrical stimuli of the experiment.

The Fusion™ heating and electrical biasing system is compatible with environmental electron microscopes. This real time video shows ceria (CeO2) in a reducing atmosphere of hydrogen at 1.2 Torr at 750 C. The lattice and surface reactions can be easily seen.

Ceria in a High Resolution Environmental TEM at 750 C

The Fusion™ heating and electrical biasing system is compatible with environmental electron microscopes. This real time video shows ceria (CeO2) in a reducing atmosphere of hydrogen at 1.2 Torr at 750 C. The lattice and surface reactions can be easily seen.

This real time video shows two gold nanoparticles that are on the surface of larger iron oxide particles at 900 C. At this temperature the gold is very mobile, and the two particles coalesce into one larger nanoparticle. This demonstrates the stability of the Protochips Fusion™ system at high temperatures. This video is in real time and taken on a JEOL ARM200F (200 kV, Cs aberration correction) at JEOL in Akishima, Japan.

Au Nanoparticles on FeOx at 900 C

This real time video shows two gold nanoparticles that are on the surface of larger iron oxide particles at 900 C. At this temperature the gold is very mobile, and the two particles coalesce into one larger nanoparticle. This demonstrates the stability of the Protochips Fusion™ system at high temperatures. This video is in real time and taken on a JEOL ARM200F (200 kV, Cs aberration correction) at JEOL in Akishima, Japan.

Atmosphere™ Gas Environmental Cell: Fe Nanoparticle Etching Few Layer Graphene

An Fe nanoparticle etching few-layer graphene (FLG) at 900 degrees C and 600 Torr of H2. The Fe nanoparticle preferentially etches the graphene along specific crystallographic directions.

Credit: SI-IPCMS-CNRS/University of Strasbourg, France: G. Melinte, S. Moldovan and O. Ersen

Fusion™ In Situ Heating and Electrical Holder: Au Nanoparticles on FeOx

This real-time video shows two gold nanoparticles that are on the surface of larger iron oxide particles at 900° C. At this temperature the gold is very mobile, and the two particles coalesce into one larger nanoparticle. This demonstrates the stability of the Protochips Fusion system at high temperatures. This video was taken on a JEOL ARM200F (200 kV, Cs aberration correction) at JEOL in Akishima, Japan. For more information on Fusion, visit www.protochips.com/fusion

Fuel Cell Corrosion

Electrochemical aging confirms migration and coalescence within a fuel cell. Migration and coalescence are key mechanisms in the degradation of fuel cells. In this experiment a solution of Pt3C0/C and .1M HClO4 is prepared within the electrochemical cell of the Poseidon Select Electrochemistry. The cell was then inserted into the electron microscope for imaging. While imaging the cell, the sample was exposed to a cyclic pattern of electrical stimuli, from -.5V to 1V. Coalescence is observed to correspond to changes in the electrical stimuli of the experiment.

Ceria in a High Resolution Environmental TEM at 750 C

The Fusion™ heating and electrical biasing system is compatible with environmental electron microscopes. This real time video shows ceria (CeO2) in a reducing atmosphere of hydrogen at 1.2 Torr at 750 C. The lattice and surface reactions can be easily seen.

Au Nanoparticles on FeOx at 900 C

This real time video shows two gold nanoparticles that are on the surface of larger iron oxide particles at 900 C. At this temperature the gold is very mobile, and the two particles coalesce into one larger nanoparticle. This demonstrates the stability of the Protochips Fusion™ system at high temperatures. This video is in real time and taken on a JEOL ARM200F (200 kV, Cs aberration correction) at JEOL in Akishima, Japan.

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