Bibliography Abstract Poseidon

Title	Authors	Journal Info	Impact Statement
Journal Articles
In Situ Molecular Microscopy of Viral Assemblies	Madeline J. Dukes, Brian L. Gilmore, Justin R. Tanner, Sarah M. McDonald and Deborah F. Kelly	JoVE, Submitted	Method paper and corresponding video demonstrating step-by-step instructions for preparing "affinity-capture" functionalized Poseidon E-chips, capturing target species and imaging them in situ in liquid with TEM.
Visualizing Nanoparticle Mobility in Liquid at Atomic Resolution	Madeline J. Dukes, Benjamin W. Jacobs, David G. Morgan, Harshad Hegde and Deborah F. Kelly	Chemical Communications DOI:10.1039/c0xx00000x	The first high-resolution in-situ live video imaging the of the mobility of polyvinyl pyridine (PVP)- passivated gold nanorods and how they migrate in liquid.
Visualizing viral assemblies in a nanoscale biosphere	Brian L. Gilmore, Shannon P. Showalter, Madeline J. Dukes, Justin R. Tanner, Andrew C. Demmert, Sarah M. McDonald and Deborah F. Kelly	Lab on a Chip, 13, pp 216-219, 2013	First example of 3D reconstruction of a biological particle from liquid in situ TEM images. A 25 Å reconstruction was obtained from 600 double layer rotovirus particles imaged in a 150 nm liquid layer. Multiple subpopulations were identified, several of which, are not observed in cryo-prepared samples indicating the dynamic state of samples in liquid versus those embedded in ice.
The development of affinity capture devices - a nanoscale purification platform for biological in situ transmission electron microscopy	Katherine Degen, Madeline Dukes, Justin R. Tanner, Deborah F. Kelly	RSC Advances, 2(6), pp 2408-2412, 2012	First example of using "affinity-capture" surface modification of E-chips for tethering biological species to the E-chip surface for in situ liquid TEM imaging. Ribosome proteins expressing His-tags were captured in-situ onto Ni-NTA functionalized E-chips and imaged in 150 nm liquid using TEM.
UV-Induced Photochemical Transformations of Citrate-capped Silver Nanoparticle Suspensions	Justin M. Gorham, Robert I. MacCuspie, Kate L. Klein, D. Howard Fairbrother, R. David Holbrook	Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 14(10), pp 1-16, 2012	Poseidon was used to image the structure of silver nanoparticles in water after exposure to ultraviolet light under aqueaus conditions. Exposure to UV-light in an aqueaus environment resulted in a decrease in the size fo the particles and and the formation of a core–shell structure. This experiment shows the utilization of in-situ liquid TEM techniques for studying the environmental impact of nanomaterials.
Video-frequency scanning transmission electron microscopy of moving gold nanoparticles in liquid	Ring, E.A. & de Jonge, N.	Micron, 43, pp 1078-1084, 2012	Use of the E-chips to image gold nanoparticle movement; much slower movement was observed than what was expected on the basis of Brownian motion.
Visualizing Gold Nanoparticle Uptake in Live Cells with Liquid Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy	D.B. Peckys, G.M. Veith, D.C. Joy and N. de Jonge	Nano Lett., 11 (4), pp 1733–1738, 2011	The uptake of 30 nm diameter gold nanoparticles into intracellular vesicles was imaged in-situ with STEM using Poseidon. The images were quantitatively analyzed to determine the particle number, loading percentage, and clustering behavior after 24 hours.
Fully Hydrated Yeast Cells Imaged with Electron Microscopy	N. de Jonge, D.B. Peckys, G.M. Veith, S. Mick, S. Pennycook and D. Joy	Biophysical Journal, 100(10), pp 2522-2529, 2011	Correlative fluorescence microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy of whole yeast cells in liquid. Multiple strains of S. Pombe yeast cells, that express different structural mutations, were imaged live in 3 µm of liquid using STEM. A resolution of 32 nm was obtained - without the addition of stain or nanoparticle labels. The yeast cells were alive at the onset of electron microscopy as evidenced by the fluorescence of a live-dead indictor fluorescent dye.
Silicon nitride windows for electron microscopy of whole cells	E.A. Ring, D.B. Peckys, M.J. Dukes, J.P. Baudoin N. de Jonge	Journal of Microscopy, 243(3), pp 273-283, 2011	Review of basic techniques for preparing whole cells for in-situ liquid imaging. Particular attention is given to the process of preparing the E-chips for tissue culture and culturing whole cells on the E-chips. Additional dry (non-liquid) applications which can be prepared in parallel to the in-situ samples are also discussed.
Simulating STEM Imaging of Nanoparticles in Micrometers-Thick Substrates	H. Demers, N. Poirier-Demers, Dominic Drouin, N. de Jonge	Microscopy and Microanalysis, 16(6), pp 795-804, 2010	Simulation of imaging in-situ using STEM. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to determine resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, beam broadening effect and electron scattering behavior. The simulations were compared to results obtained experimentally and were found to be similar.
Electron Microscopy of Specimens in Liquid	Niels de Jonge, Frances M. Ross	Nature Nanotechnology, 6, pp 695-704, 2011	Review paper focusing on recent advances of in-situ liquid electron microscopy.
Corrrelative Fluorescence Microscopy and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy of Quantum-Dot-Labeled Proteins in Whole Cells in Liquid	Madeline J. Dukes, Diana B. Peckys, Niels de Jonge	ACS Nano, 4, pp 4110-4116, 2010	Correlative light and electron microscopy of whole cells labeled with quantum dots. Epidermal growth factor receptors on COS7 fibroblast cells were labeled with red-emitting EGF-quantum dots and imaged with wide field microscopy. The same regions were relocated in the electron microscope and STEM images of the individual quantum dot nanoparticles were recorded.
Atmospheric Pressure Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy	Niels de Jonge, Wilbur C. Bigelow, Gabriel M. Veith	Nano Letters, 10, pp 1028-2031, 2010	STEM imaging of gold nanoparticles at atmospheric pressure in a mixture of CO, O2, and He. Silicon Nitride membranes were used to create a fluidic cell for gas containment.
Nanometer-Resolution Electron Microscopy Through Micrometers-Thick Water Layers	N. de Jonge, N. Poirier-Demers, H. Demers, D.B. Peckys, and D. Drouin	Ultramicroscopy, vol. 110, pp. 1114-1119, 2010	Experimental and theoretical comparison of resolution, SNR, and imaging conditions using in situ liquid STEM to image gold nanoparticles in a variety of liquid thicknesses.
Microfluidic System for Transmission Electron Microscopy	Elisabeth A. Ring, Niels de Jonge	Microscopy and Microanalysis, vol 16, pp 622-629, 2010	Flow rates and behavior through a liquid chamber formed using Poseidon E-chips were investigated. The flow was investigated optically using quantum dots with wide-field fluorescence microscopy and gold nanoparticles were utilized for in-situ liquid TEM measurements. The rate which the nanoparticles moved through the chamber with respect to the pump speed was determined while considering influences such as Brownian motion and bypass channel depth.
Transmission electron microscopy with a liquid flow cell	Klein, K.L., Anderson, I.M. & de Jonge, N.	Journal of Microscopy, 242(2), pp 117-123, 2010	Demonstrated that the Poseidon system can be used both for TEM and STEM.
Electron Microscopy of Whole Cells in Liquid With Nanometer Resolution	N. de Jonge, D.B. Peckys, G.J. Kremers, D.W. Piston	PNAS, 106, pp 2159-2164, 2009	Whole cells imaged in liquid using in situ STEM. Chemically fixed COSy cells were labeled with EGF-targeted gold nanoparticles and imaged using STEM. Describes STEM beam scattering experimentally and theoretically. Compares results obtained in the STEM to optical microscopy, SEM and normal TEM operation. Uses Protochips E-chips with a Hummingbird holder.
Nanoscale Imaging of Whole Cells Using a Liquid Enclosure and a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope	Diana B. Peckys, Gabriel M. Veith, David C. Joy, Niels de Jonge	PLoS One, 4, pp e8214, 2009	Describes sample prep methods, sample loading and construction of the E-chips. Imaging epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors on mammalian cells and E coli using gold nanoparticles as markers. Found that 50 nm thick silicon nitride membranes were optimal for electron transparency and physical strength. Discusses dose and radiation damage in cells. 1 x 10^4 e/nm2 is observed to be a threshold for damage.

Title	Authors	Journal Info	Impact Statement
Presentation Abstracts
In-situ Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy of Liquids	M.E. Holtz, Y.Yu, H.D. Abruna, D. A. Muller	Microscopy and Microanalysis, 18 (Suppl 2), pp 1094-1095, 2012	Explores the limits of core and valence EELs for in-situ liquid imaging experiments
Studying carbonate precipitation with and without confinement using electron microscopy	A. Verch, R. van de Locht, I. Morrison, R. Kroeger, Y. Kim, F. Meldrum	Microscopy and Microanalysis, 18 (Suppl 2), pp 1546-1587, 2012	First results showing in-situ mixing to form Ca(CO3)2 from independent solution of CaCl2 and NaCO3 mixed in-situ using a Poseidon 200 3-port TEM holder.
Current Challenges of TEM Imaging with a Liquid Flow Cell	K.L. Klein, I.M. Anderson	Microscopy and Microanalysis, 18 (Suppl 2), pp 1154-1155, 2012	Discusses bowing of the SiN windows under the pressure differential of the column vacuum and introduces methods to determine thickness of liquid layer in in-situ.
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy of Eukaryotic Cells in Liquid	Niels de Jonge, Madeline J. Dukes, Elisabeth A. Ring, and Diana .B. Peckys	Biophysical Journal, 100(3, Suppl 1), 323a-323a, 2011	In-situ liquid STEM imaging of whole eukaryotic cells labeled with epidermal growth factor tagged gold or CdSe nanoparticles
In Vitro Transmission Electron Microscopy of Water-Borne Dendrimer Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles	K.L. Klein, M.G. Weir, R.M. Crooks, I.M. Anderson	Microscopy and Microanalysis, 17 (Suppl 2), 464, 2011	First demonstration of imaging dendrimer nanostructures in liquid. Sixth generation (G6) polyamido-amine (PAMAM) dendrimers containing a 1 nm gold core were imaged in liquid with energy filtered TEM.
Liquid Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy of Individual Quantum Dots Labeling Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors in Whole Cells	M.J. Dukes, D.B. Peckys and N de Jonge	Microscopy and Microanalysis, 16 (Suppl 2), pp 336-337, 2010	Demonstrated correlative electron/light microscopy using quantum dots as labels to distinguish proteins in cells. COS7 fibroblast cells were cultured and the epidermal growth factor was labeled with quantum dots. A resolution of around 3 nm was obtained.
Imaging Specific Protein Labels on Eukaryotic Cells in Liquid with Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy	N de Jonge, M Dukes, EA Ring, D Drouin and DB Peckys	Microscopy and Microanalysis, 16(Suppl S2), pp 328-329, 2010	Demonstrated correlative electron/light microscopy using the Poseidon platform. Discussed resolution, imaging conditions and sample prep.
Imaging and Energy-Loss Characteristics for in vitro TEM Analysis of Nanoparticles	K.L. Klein, N. de Jonge, I.M. Anderson	Micros Microanal, 16 (Suppl 2), pp 334-335, 2010	Demonstrated a method to measure the thickness of the cell between the two SiN membranes. By tilting the holder by a known angle and measuring the displacement of Au nanoparticles on the outside top and bottom windows, the thickness can be determined. The formula is t = p/2sin(γ), where t is the thickness, p is the shift and γ is the angle. EELS was also done in an unfilled and filled cell and compared. The filled cell dramatically increases the inelastic scattering.
Liquid and Three-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy for Biological Specimen	N. de Jonge, M.J. Dukes, G.J. Kremers, B.M. Northan, D.B. Peckys, E. A. Ring, D.W. Piston, and R. Sougrat	Microsc Microanal, 15 (Suppl 2), pp 686-687, 2009	Live cells are imaged in water 5-7 microns thick using STEM. Results are compared to confocal microscopy. 3-D reconstructions are achieved via a depth focal series through changing the obj lens focus.
SEM of Carbon Coated LiFePO4 Through Silicon Nitride Windows in Liquid	J. Y. Howe, L. R. Walker, J. O. Kiggans, and N. J. Dudney	Microsc Microanal, 15(Suppl 2), pp 1448-1449, 2009	Used a Poseidon Cell to image carbon coated LiFePO4 in the SEM with and without ethylene glycol. They were able to do EDS analysis of the material when in the cell.
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy of Biological Specimens in Water	N. de Jonge, D.B. Peckys, G.M. Veith, S. Mick, S.J. Pennycook and D.C. Joy	Microscopy and Microanalysis, vol. 13, pp 242-243, 2007	Qualified an early design of Poseidon. Imaged gold nanoparticles in water.